An appraisal of reaction time measures in studying semantic processing in Efik language
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Background of the Study
Reaction time measures offer an efficient and objective method to examine semantic processing by capturing the speed at which individuals access and integrate meaning. In the context of Efik—a language known for its dynamic vocabulary and idiomatic richness—reaction time experiments can reveal the cognitive processes underlying word recognition and semantic integration. Previous studies have shown that faster reaction times generally correlate with more efficient semantic processing, reflecting the brain’s rapid access to lexical information (Adebisi, 2023). In Efik, however, the inherent variability and context-dependence of expressions may influence these measures uniquely. This study appraises reaction time as a tool to investigate semantic processing in Efik by employing lexical decision tasks and semantic priming paradigms. By comparing reaction times for semantically related and unrelated stimuli, the research aims to determine the cognitive efficiency of Efik speakers. This methodology not only provides insights into the temporal dynamics of semantic processing but also aids in developing robust cognitive models for Efik, thereby informing language teaching and processing technology development (Chukwu, 2024; Olusola, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
Although reaction time measures are widely used to study semantic processing, their application in Efik has received limited attention. Standardized reaction time tasks developed for other languages may not accurately reflect the unique semantic and syntactic features of Efik. The variability in vocabulary usage and code-switching behavior in Efik complicates the interpretation of reaction time data, potentially obscuring true cognitive processing patterns. This gap in research limits our understanding of Efik semantic processing efficiency and impedes the formulation of culturally adapted cognitive models. Addressing this issue is critical for developing precise language assessments and improving educational interventions tailored to Efik speakers (Adebisi, 2023; Chukwu, 2024).
Objectives of the Study:
1. To evaluate reaction time measures as indicators of semantic processing efficiency in Efik.
2. To compare reaction times between semantically related and unrelated word pairs.
3. To adapt reaction time tasks to capture the unique characteristics of Efik language processing.
Research Questions:
1. How effectively do reaction time measures reflect semantic processing in Efik?
2. What differences are observed in reaction times for related versus unrelated stimuli?
3. How can reaction time tasks be modified to suit the Efik linguistic context?
Significance of the Study :
This study is significant as it refines reaction time methodologies for assessing semantic processing in Efik. The outcomes will enhance our understanding of Efik language processing dynamics and contribute to the development of culturally sensitive cognitive assessments. These insights are valuable for educational settings and technology applications aimed at improving language processing efficiency (Adebisi, 2023; Olusola, 2025).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This study is limited to using reaction time experiments to assess semantic processing in Efik language, without extending to other cognitive or linguistic measures.
Definitions of Terms:
• Reaction Time: The interval between stimulus presentation and the participant’s response.
• Semantic Processing: The cognitive process of interpreting and integrating meaning from language.
• Efik Language: A language spoken in southeastern Nigeria, noted for its expressive and idiomatic nature.
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